Youth Violence Project

Bullying

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Arora, C. M. (1996). Defining bullying: Towards a clearer general understanding and more effective intervention strategies. School Psychology International, 17, 317-329.

Atlas, R. & Pepler, D.J. (1998). Observations of bullying in the classroom. T he Journal of Educational Research, 92, 86-99.

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Bentley, L. & Li, A. (1995). Bully and victim problems in elementary schools. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 11 , 152-165.

Bernstein, J. Y., & Watson, M. W. (1997). Children who are targets of bullying: A victim pattern. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 12 , 483-498.

Besag, V. E. (1989). Bullies and victims in schools. Philadelphia, PA: Open University Press.

Bonds, M., & Stoker, S. (2000). Bullyproofing your school. Longmont, CO: Sopris West.

Bonds, M., Eppard, P., Stoker, S., & Fuhrmans, B. (1998). 6th grade Bully-Proofing curriculum. Unpublished manuscript. Longmont, CO: Sopris West.

Bosworth, K., Espelage, D., & Simon, T. (1999). Factors associated with bullying behavior among early adolescents. Journal of Early Adolescence, 19, 341-362.

Boulton, M. (1997). Teachers' view on bullying: Definitions, attitudes, and ability to cope. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 67 , 223-233.

Bowers, Smith, & Binney (1994). Perceived family relationships of bullies, victims, and bully/victims in middle childhood. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 11 , 215-232.

Branwhite, T. (1994). Bullying and student distress: Beneath the tip of the iceburg. Educational Psychology, 14 , 59-71.

Brener, N.D., Simon, T.R., Krug, E.G., Lowry, R. (1999). Recent trends in violence-related behaviors among high school students in the United States. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282, 440-446.

Brockenbrough, K. (2001). Peer victimization and bullying prevention among middle school students. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia.

Brockenbrough, K., Cornell, D., & Loper, A. (2002). Aggressive attitudes among victims of violence at school. Education and Treatment of Children , 25, 273-287.

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Cairns, R.B., Cadwallader, T.W., Estell, D., & Neckerman, H.J. (1997). Groups to gangs: Developmental and criminological perspectives and relevance for prevention. In D. Stoff, J. Breiling, & J.D. Maser (Eds.), Handbook of antisocial behavior. (pp. 194-204). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Callaghan, S. & Joseph, S. (1995). Self-concept and peer victimization among school children. Personality and Individual Differences, 18 , 161-163.

Cornell, D. G. (1998). Designing safer schools for Virginia: A guide to keeping students safe from violence. Charlottesville, VA: Thomas Jefferson Center for Educational Design, Curry School of Education, University of Virginia.

Cornell, D., & Brockenbrough, K. (in press). Identification of bullies and victims: A comparison of methods. Journal of School Violence.

Cornell, D. G., & Loper, A. B. (1998). Assessment of violence and other high-risk behaviors with a school survey. School Psychology Review, 27, 317-330.

Craig, W. & Pepler, D.J. (1997). Observations of bullying and victimization in the school yard. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 13, 41-60.

Craig,W.M.(1998). The relationship among bullying, victimization, depression, anxiety, and aggression in elementary school children. Personality and Individual Differences, 24, 123-130.

Crick, N. & Grotpeter, J.K. (1995). Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment. Child Development, 66, 710-722.

Crick, N. & Grotpeter, J.K. (1996). Children's treatment by peers: Victims of relational and overt aggression. Development and Psychopathology, 8, 367-380.

Crick, N.R., & Bigbee, M.A. (1998). Relational and overt forms of peer victimization: A multiinformant approach. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 337-347.

Danis, L., & Porter, W. (1998). Bully-Proofing an elementary school: Results after two years of intervention. Unpublished manuscript.

DeRosier, M. Cillessen, A., Coie, J., & Dodge, K.A. (1994). Group context and children's aggressive behavior. Child Development, 65, 1289-1309.

Demaray, M. K., & Malecki, C. K. (2003). Perceptions of the frequency and importance of social support by students classified as victims, bullies, and bully/victims in an urban middle school. School Psychology Review, 32, 471-489.

Donohue, E., Schiraldi, V. & Ziedenberg, J. (1998). School house hype: the school shootings and the real risks kids face in America. Washington, DC: The Justice Policy Institute.

Duncan, R.D. (1999a). Maltreatment by parents and peers: The relationship between child abuse, bully victimization, and psychological distress. Child Maltreatment, 4, 45-55.

Duncan, R. D. (1999b). Peer and sibling aggression: An investigation of intra- and extra-familial bullying. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 14, 871-886.

Egan, S., & Perry, D.G. (1998). Does low self-regard invite victimization? Developmental Psychology, 34, 299-309.

Elliott, B.A. Hamburg, K.R. Williams (eds.) Violence in American schools (pp. 188-216). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Epstein, L., Plog, A.E., & Porter, W. (1999). Bully Proofing your school: Results of a four year intervention. Unpublished manuscript. Englewood, CO.

Espelage, D., & Asidao, C. (1999). Interviews with middle school students: Bullying, victimization, and contextual factors. Manuscript in preparation.

Espelage, D.L., Bosworth, K., & Simon, T.S. (under review). Short-term stability and prospective correlates of bullying in middle school students: An examination of potential demographic, psychosocial, and environmental correlates.

Espelage, D.L. & Swearer, S.M. (2003). Research on school bullying and victimization: What have we learned and where do we go from here? School Psychology Review, 32, 365-383.

Forero, R., McLellan, L., Rissel, C., & Bauman, A. (1999). Bullying behaviour and psychological health among school students in New South Wales, Australia: cross sectional survey. British Medical Journal, 319 , 344-348. Journal of Humanistic Education and Development, 29, 143-150.

Furlong, M.J., Chung, A., Bates, M., & Morrison, R.L. (1995). Who are the victims of school violence? A comparison of student non-victims and multi-victims. Education and Treatment of Children, 18, 282-298.

Furlong, M.J., & Morrison, R.L. (1994). Introduction to mini-series: School violence and safety in perspective. School Psychology Review, 23, 139-150.

Furlong, M., Morrison, G. Chung, A., Bates, M., & Morrison, R. (1997). School violence: A multicomponent strategy. In G Baer et al (Eds.), Children's needs: Psychological perspectives (pp. 245-256). Washington, DC: National Association of School Psychologists.

Furlong, M. J., Morrison, G. M., Greif, J. L. (2003). Reaching an American consensus: Reactions to the special issue on school bullying. School Psychology Review, 32, 456-470.

Garrity, C., Jens, K., Porter, W., Sager, N., & Short-Camilli, C. (1994). Bully-Proofing your school. Longmont, CO: Sopris West.

Garrity, C., Jens, K., Porter, W., Sager, N., & Short-Camilli, C. (1997). Bully-Proofing your school: Creating a positive climate. Intervention in School and Clinic, 32, 235-243.

Greenbaum, S. (1987, November). What can we do about schoolyard bullying? Principal, 21-24.

Hawkins, J.D., Farrington, D.P., & Catalano, R.F. (1998). Reducing violence through the schools. In D.S. Elliott, B.A. Hamburg, K.R. Williams (eds.) Violence in American schools (pp. 188-216). New York: Cambridge University Press.

Hazler, R.J., Hoover, J.H., & Oliver, R. (1991). Student perceptions of victimization by bullies in school. Journal of Humanistic Education and Development, 29, 143-150.

Hazler, R.J., Hoover, J.H., & Oliver, R. (1992, November). What kids say about bullying. The Executive Educator, 20-22.

Hodges, E., & Perry, D. (1996). Victims of peer abuse: An overview. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Problems, 5, 23-28.

Hoover, J., & Hazler, R.J. (1991). Bullies and victims. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 25, 212- 219.

Hoover, J.H., Oliver, R., & Hazler, R.J. (1992). Bullying : Perceptions of adolescent victims in the midwestern USA. School Psychology International, 13, 5-16.

Hoover, J.H., Oliver, R.L., & Thomson, K.A. (1993). Perceived victimization by school bullies: New research and future direction. Journal of Humanistic Education and Development, 32, 76-84.

Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1995). Teaching students to be peacemakers (3rd ed.) Edina, MN: Interaction Book.

Juvonen, J., Nishina, A., & Graham, S. (2000). Peer harassment, psychological adjustment, and school functioning in early adolescence . Journal of Educational Psychology, 92 (2), 349-359.

Kaltiala-Heino, R., Rimpela, M., Marttunen, M., Rimpela, A., Rantanen, P. (1999). Bullying, depression, and suicidal ideation in Finnish adolescents: School survey. British Medical Journal, 319, 348-351.

Kochenderfer, B.J., & Ladd, G.W. (1996). Peer victimization: Cause or consequence of school maladjustment. Child Development, 67, 1305-1317.

Kumpulainen, K., Rasanen, E., Henttonen, I., Almqvist, F., Kresanov, K., Linna, S., Moilanen, I., Piha, J., Puura, K., & Tamminen, T. (1998). Bullying and psychiatric symptoms among elementary school-age children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22 , 705-717.

Ladd, G.W. & Price, J.M. (1987). Predicting children's social and school adjustment following the transition from preschool to kindergarten. Child Development, 58, 1168-1189.

Ladd, G.W., Kochenderfer, B.J., & Coleman, C.C. (1997). Classroom peer acceptance, friendship, and victimization: Distinct relational systems that contribute uniquely to children's school adjustment. Child Development, 68, 1181-1197.

Lagerspetz, K., Bjorkqvist, K. & Peltonen, T. (1988). Is indirect aggression typical of females? Gender differences in aggressiveness in 11-12 year old children. Aggressive Behavior, 14, 403-414.

Leff, S.S., Power, T.J. Costigan, T.E., & Manz, P.H. (2003). Assessing the climate of the playground and lunchroom: Implications for bullying prevention programming. School Psychology Review, 32, 418-430.

Limber, S.P., Cummingham, P., Florx, V., Ivey, J., Nation, M., Chai, S., & Melton, G. (1997, June/July). Bullying among school children: Preliminary findings from a school-based intervention program. Paper presented at the Fifth International Family Violence Research Conference, Durham, NH.

Limber, S. P., & Small, M. A. (2003). State Laws and policies to address bullying in schools. School Psychology Review, 32, 445-455.

Long, J.D. & Pellegrini, A.D. Studying change in dominance and bullying with linear Mixed Models. School Psychology Review, 32, 401-417.

McConville, D., & Cornell, D. (2003). Attitudes toward aggression and aggressive behavior among middle school students. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 11, 179-187.

Miller, G.E. (1994). School violence miniseries: Impressions and implications. School Psychology Review, 23, 257-261.

Mossholder, R. A., & Shearer, R. (1994). Damascus Middle School Aggression Survey (Report for the School Safety and Youth Aggression Institute of the Virginia Youth Violence Project). Charlottesville, Virginia: Curry School of Education, University of Virginia.

Mynard, H. & Joseph, S. (1997). Bully/vctims problems and their association with Eysenck's personality dimensions in 8-13 year olds. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 67, 51-54.

Mynard, H., & Joseph, S. (2000). Development of the Multidimensional Peer-Victimization Scale. Aggressive Behavior, 26, 169-178.

Nansel, T.R., Overpeck, M., Pilla, R.S., Ruan, J., Simons-Morton, B., Scheidt, P. (2001). Bullying behaviors among U.S. youth: Prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. Journal of the American Medical Association, 285, 2094-2100.

National Center for Education Statistics. (1998). Violence and discipline problems in U.S. public schools: 1996-1997 (NCES 98-030). Washington DC: Author.

National Institute of Education (1978). Violent schools -- safe schools: The safe schools report to the Congress. (NIE Publication No. P-78-0010). Washington, DC: Author.

National School Safety Center (1999, March). Bullying: Peer abuse in schools. School Safety Update 1-7.

Neary, A. & Joseph, S. (1994). Peer victimization and its relationship to self-concept and depression among schoolgirls. Personality and Individual Differences, 16, 183-186.

Nolin, M.J., Davies, E., & Chandler, K. (1996). Student victimization at school. Journal of School Health, 66, 216-226.

Olweus, D. (1978). Aggression in the schools. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Olweus, D. (1978). Aggression in the schools: Bullies and whipping boys. Washington, D.C.: Hemisphere Press (Wiley).

Olweus, D. (1980). Familial and temperamental determinants of aggressive behavior in adolescent boys: A causal analysis. Developmental Psychology, 16, 644-660.

Olweus, D. (1991). Bully/victim problems among school children: Basic facts and effects of a school-based intervention program. In I Rubin & D. Pepler (Eds.). The development and treatment of childhood aggression (pp. 411-447). Hillsdale, NJ. Erlbaum.

Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying in schools: What we know and what we can do. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.

Olweus, D. (1994). Bullying at school: Long-term outcomes for the victims and an effective school-based intervention program. In L.R. Huesmann, Aggressive behavior: Current perspectives (pp. 97-130). New York: Plenum.

Olweus, D., & Limber, S. (1999). Bullying Prevention Program. Boulder, Colorado: Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado.

O'Moore, M. (2000). Critical issues for teacher training to counter bullying and victimization in Ireland. Aggressive Behavior, 26, 99-111.

Orpinas, P., Horne, A.M., & Staniszewski, D. (2003). School bullying: Changing the problem by changing the school. School Psychology Review, 32, 431-444.

O'Toole, M.E. (2000). The school shooter: A threat assessment perspective. Quantico, Virginia: National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime, Federal Bureau of Investigation.

Paulk, D.L., Swearer, S.M., Song, S.Y., & Cary, P.T. (1999). Teacher-, peer-, and self- nominations of bullies and victims of bullying. Poster presented at the American Psychological Association National Conference; Boston, Massachusetts.

Pellegrini, A.D., Bartini, M., & Brooks, F. (1999). School bullies, victims, and aggressive victims: Factors relating to group affiliation and victimization in early adolescence. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 216-224.

Perry, D., Kusel, S., & Perry, L. (1988). Victims of peer aggression. Developmental Psychology, 24, 807-814.

Perry, DG, Willard, JC, & Perry, LC. (1990). Peers' perceptions of the consequences that victimized children provide aggressors. Child Development, 61, 1310-1325.

Posey, J., & Cornell, D. (2002). Effects of a middle school anti-bullying campaign. University of Virginia. Unpublished manuscript.

Reardon, B. (1996). Responding to a major problem of adolescent intolerance: Bullying. Peace Education Miniprints, No. 82.

Rigby, K. & Slee, P.T. (1993). Dimensions of interpersonal relations among Australian children: Implications for psychological well-being. The Journal of Social Psychology, 133, 33-42.

Rigby, K. (1996). Bullying in schools-and what to do about it. Melbourne, Australia: The Australian Council for Educational Research.

Rigby, K. (1998). The relationship between reported health and involvement in bully/victim problems among male and female secondary schoolchildren. Journal of Health Psychology, 3, 465-476.

Rigby, K. (1999). Peer victimization at school and the health of secondary school students. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 69, 95-104.

Rodkin, P. C. & Hodges, E. V. E. (2003). Bullies and victims in the peer ecology: Four questions for psychologists and school professionals. School Psychology Review, 32, 384-400.

Rosenblatt, J.A. & Furlong, M.J. (1997). Assessing the reliability and validity of student self-reports of campus violence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 26, 187-202.

Salmivalli, C., Karhunen, J., & Lagerspetz, K. M. J. (1996). How do the victims respond to bullying? Aggressive Behavior, 22, 99-109.

Salmivalli, C., Lagerspetz, K., Bjorkqvist, K., Osterman, K., & Kaukiainen, A. (1996). Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group. Aggressive Behavior, 22, 1-15.

Schwartz, D. Dodge, K.A., Pettit, G.S., & Bates, J.E. (1997). The early socialization of aggressive victims of bullying. Child Development, 68, 665-675.

Sharp, S. (1995). How much does bullying hurt? Educational and Child Psychology, 12, 81-88.

Sharp, S. (1996). Self-esteem, response style, and victimization. School Psychology International, 17, 347-357.

Sheras, P. (2002). Your Child: Bully or Victim? Understanding and Ending School Yard Tyranny. New York, New York: Skylight Press.

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Slee, P.T. (1995). Peer victimization and its relationship to depression among Australian primary school students. Personality and Individual Differences, 18, 57-62.

Slee, P.T., & Rigby, K. (1993). Australian school children's self appraisal of interpersonal relations: The bullying experience. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 23, 272-282.

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Identity, Ethnicity, and Culture

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Juvenile Homicide

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Cornell, D., Benedek, E., & Benedek, D. (1987). Juvenile homicide: Prior adjustment and a proposed typology. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 57, 383-393.

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Juvenile Violence/Delinquency

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Snyder, H. N., Sickmund, M., & Poe-Yamagata, E. (1996). Juvenile offenders and victims: 1996 update on violence. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

Snyder, H. N., Sickmund, M., & Poe-Yamagata, E. (1997). Juvenile offenders and victims: 1997 update on violence. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

Prediction of Violence

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Monahan, J., & Steadman, H. J. (Eds.)(1993). Violence and mental disorder. Chicago: University of Chicago.

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Monahan, J., & Steadman, H. J. (1994). Violence & Mental Disorder: Developments in Risk Assessment. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

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Prevention

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Goldstein, A. P., & Glick, B. (1994). Aggression replacement training. Simulation & Gaming, 25, 90-26.

Goldstein, A. P., Glick, B., Irwin, M. J., Pask-McCartney, C., & Rubama, I. (1989). Reducing delinquency: Intervention in the community . New York: Pergamon Press.

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Greenwood, P. W., Model, K. E., Rydell, C. P., Chiesa, J. R. (1998). Diverting Children from a Life of Crime: Measuring Costs and Benefits (Document No. MR-699-1- UCB/RC/IF). Santa Monica, CA.

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Grossman, Neckerman, Koepsell, Liu, Asher, Beland, Frey & Rivara. (1997). The effectiveness of a violence prevention curriculum among children in elementary school. Journal of the American Medical Association, May 27, 1997.

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Hammond, R., & Yung, B. (1993). Evaluation and activity report: Positive adolescent choices training. Unpublished grant report. U.S. Maternal and child Health Bureau, Washington, D.C.

Hawkins, J. D., Arthur, M. W., & Catalano, R. F. (1995). Preventing substance abuse. In Michael Tonry and David P. Farrington (Eds.), Building a safer society. Crime and justice, Vol. 19. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., & Associates. (1992). Communities that care: Action for drug abuse prevention. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

Hawkins, J. D., Catalano, R. F., Morrison, D. M., O'Donnell, J., Abbott, R. D., Day, L. E. (1992). The Seattle Social Development Project: Effects of the first four years on protective factors and problem behaviors. In J. McCord & R. E. Tremblay (Eds.), Preventing antisocial behavior: Interventions from birth through adolescence. New York: Guilford.

Hawkins, J. D., Jenson, J. M., Catalano, R. F., & Wells, E. A. (1991). Effects of a skills training intervention with juvenile delinquents. Research on Social Work Practice, 1, 107-121.

Henggeler, S. W. (1991). Treating conduct problems in children and adolescents (treatment manual). Columbia, SC: S.C. Dept. of Mental Health.

Henggeler, S. W., & Shoenwald, S. K. (1994). Boot camps for juvenile offenders: Just say no. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 3, 243-248.

Henggeler, S. W., Melton, G. B., Brondino, M. J., Scherer, D. G., & Hanley, J. H. (1997). Multisystemic therapy with violent and chronic juvenile offenders and their families: The role of treatment fidelity in successful dissemination. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65, 821-833.

Henggeler, S., W., & Borduin C. M. (1990). Family therapy and beyond: A multisystemic approach to treating behavior problems of children and adolescents. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.

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Hughes, J.N. & Hasbrouck, J.E. (1996). Television violence: Implications for violence prevention. School Psychology Review, 25, 134-151.

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Shure, M. B. (1996a). Raising a thinking child: Help your young child to resolve everyday conflicts and get along with others. New York: Pocket Books.

Shure, M. B. (1996b). Raising a thinking child workbook. New York: Henry Holt.

Shure, M. B. (1997). Interpersonal cognitive problem solving: Primary prevention of early high-risk behaviors in the preschool and primary years. In G. W. Albee & T. P. Gullota (Eds.), Primary prevention works (pp. 167-190). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Slee, P.T., & Rigby, K. (1992). Australian school children's self appraisal of interpersonal relations: The bullying experience. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 23, 273-282.

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Psychology of Aggression

American Psychological Association. Violence on television. Washington, D.C.: Author Retrieved May 14, 1997 from the World Wide Web:http://www.apa.org/pubinfo/violence.html

Berkowitz, L. (1993). Aggression: Its causes, consequences, and control. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.

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Perry, D. G., Perry, L. C., & Boldizar, J. P. (1990). Learning of aggression. In M. Lewis, S. M. Miller (Eds.), Handbook of developmental psychopathology (135-146). New York: Plenum.

Psychopathy--Adult

Burns, G.L. (2000). Problem of item overlap between the Psychopathy Screening Device and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder rating scales. Psychological Assessment, 12, 447-450.

Caputo, A.A., Frick, P.J., & Brodsky, S.L. (1999). Family violence and juvenile sex offending: Potential mediating roles of psychopathic traits and negative attitudes toward women. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 26, 338-356.

Cleckley, H.M. (1976). The mask of sanity. St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

Cooke, D.J. & Michie, C. (1997a). Psychopathy Across Cultures: North America and Scotland Compared. Journal of abnormal psychology, 108, 58-69.

Cooke, D.J. & Michie, C. (1997b). An item response theory analysis of the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. Psychological Assessment, 9, 3-14.

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Cornell, D.G., Warren, J., Hawk, G., Stafford, E., Oram, G., & Pine, D. (1996). Psychopathy in instrumental and reactive offenders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 783-790.

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Gacano, C.B. (2000). The Clinical and Forensic Assessment of Psychopathy: A Practitioner's Guide. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Gacono, C., Meloy, J., Sheppard, K., Septh, E., & Roske, A. (1995). A clinical investigation of malingering and psychopathy in hospitalized insanity aquittees. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 23, 387-397.

Hare, R.D. (1970). Psychopathy: Theory and research. New York: Wiley.

Hare, R.D. (1980). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist. North Tonawanda, New York: Multi-Health Systems.

Hare, R.D. (1981). Psychopathy and violence. In J.R. Hays, T. Roberts, & K. Soloway (Eds.), Violence and the violent individual (pp.53-74). Jamaica, NY: Spectrum.

Hare, R.D. (1985). Comparison of procedures for the assessment of psychopathy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 53, 7-16.

Hare, R.D. (1991). The Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised. Toronto, Ontario: Multi-Health Systems.

Hare, R.D. (1996). Psychopathy. A clinical construct whose time has come. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 23, 25-54.

Hare, R.D. (1998). Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us. New York: Guilford Press.

Hare, R.D. (1999). Psychopathy as a Risk Factor for Violence. Psychiatric Quarterly, 70, 181-197.

Hare, R.D. Clark, D., Grann, M., & Thornton, D. (2000) Psychopathy and the predictive validity of the PCL-R: An international perspective. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 18, 623-645.

Hare, R.D., Forth, A.E. & Strachan, K. (1992). Psychopathy and crime across the lifespan. In R. Peters, R.J. McMahon, & V.L. Quinsey (Eds.), Aggression and violence throughout the life span (pp.285-300). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.

Hare, R.D., Harpur, T.J., Hakistan, A.R., Forth, A.E., Hart, S.D., & Newman, J.P. (1990). The Revised Psychopathy Checklist: Reliability and factor structure. Psychological Assessment, 2, 338-341.

Hare, R.D. & McPherson, L.M. (1984). Violent and aggressive behavior by criminal psychopaths. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 7, 35-50.

Harpur, T.J. & Hare, R.D. (1994). Assessment of psychopathy as a function of age. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 604-609.

Harpur, T.J., Hare, R.D., & Hakistan, H.A. (1989). Two-Factor Conceptualization of Psychopathy: Construct Validity and Assessment Implications. Psychological Assessment, 1, 6-17.

Harpur, T.J., Hakistan, H.A. & Hare, R.D. (1988). Factor structure of the psychopathy checklist. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 741-747.

Harris, G.T., Rice, M.E., & Cormier, C.A., (1994). Psychopaths: is a therapeutic community therapeutic? Therapeutic Communities, 15, 283-299.

Harris, G.T., Rice, M.E., & Cormier, C.A., (1991). Psychopathy and violent recidivism. Law and Human Behavior, 15, 625-637.

Hart, S.D. (1998). Psychopathy and risk for violence. In D.J. Cooke et al (Eds.) Psychopathy: Theory, research, and implications for society (pp. 355-373). Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Hart, S.D. & Hare, R.D. (1989). Discriminant validity of the psychopathy checklist in a forensic psychiatric population. Psychological Assessment, 1, 211-218.

Hart, S.D., & Hare, R.D. (1997). Psychopathy: Assessment and association with criminal conduct. In D.M. Stoff, J. Maser, & J. Breiling (eds.), Handbook of Antisocial Behavior (pp. 22-35). New York: Wiley.

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Heilbrun, K., Hart, S., Hare, R., Gustofson, D., Nunez, C., & White, A. (1998). Inpatient and postdischarge aggression in mentally disordered offenders: The role of psychopathy. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 13, 514-527.

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McCord, W. & McCord, J. (1964). The psychopath: An essay on the criminal mind. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand.

Meloy, J.R. (1988). The psychopathic mind. Northvale, N.J.: Jason Aronson.

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Rice, M.E., (1997). Violent offender research and implications for the criminal justice system. American Psychologist, 52, 414-423.

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Rice, M., Harris, G., & Cormier, C. (1992). An evaluation of maximum-security therapeutic community for psychopaths and other mentally disordered offenders. Law and Human Behavior, 16, 399-412.

Rutherford, M.G., Cacciola, J.S., Alterman, A., I., & McKay, J.R. (1996). Reliability and validity of the Revised Psychopathy Checklist in women methodone patients. Assessment, 3, 145-156.

Salekin, R.T., Rogers, R., & Sewell, K.W. (1996). A review and meta-analysis of the Psychopathy Checklist and Psychopathy Checklist-Revised: Predictive validity of dangerousness . Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 3, 203-213.

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Serin, R.C. (1991). Psychopathy and violence in criminals. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 6, 423-431.

Serin, R.C., Peters, R., & Barbaree, H.E. (1990). The prediction of psychopathy and release outcome in a criminal population. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2, 419-422.

Valdez, A., Kaplan, C., & Codina. E. (2000) Psychopathy among Mexican American gang members: a comparative study. International Journal of Offender Therapy & Comparative Criminology, 44, 46-59.

Vitelli, R. (1998). Childhood disruptive behavior disorders and adult psychopathy. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 16, 29-37.

Williamson, S., Hare, R.D., & Wong, S. (1987). Violence: Criminal psychopaths and their victims. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 19, 454-462.

Wong, S. (1984). Criminal and institutional behavior of psychopaths. Programs Branch Users Report. Ottawa, Canada: Ministry of the Soliciter-General of Canada.

Zamble, E. & Palmer,W. (1995). Prediction of recidivism using psychopathy and other psychologically meaningful variables. In D. Cooke, A. Forth, J. Newman, and R.D. Hare (Eds.). International perspectives on psychopathy (pp.153-156). In G. Stephenson & N. Clark (Series Eds.) Issues in Criminological and Legal Psychology, No 24. British Psychological Society for the Division of Criminological and Legal Psychology.

Psychopathy--Youth

Barry, C., Frick, P., DeShazo, T., McCoy, M., Ellis, M., & Loney, B. (2000). The Importance of Callous--Unemotional Traits for Extending the Concept of Psychopathy to Children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 109, 335-351.

Brandt, J., Kennedy, W., Patrick, C., & Curtin, J. (1997). Assessment of psychopathy in a population of incercerated adolescent offenders. Psychological Assessment, 9, 429-435.

Campbell, M.A., Porter, S., Santor, D. (2004). Psychopathic traits in adolescent offenders: An evaluation of criminal history, clinical, and psychosocial correlates. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22, 23-47.

Chandler, M., & Moran, T. (1990). Psychopathy and moral development: A comparative study of delinquent and non-delinquent youth. Development and Psychopathology, 2, 27-246.

Christian, R., Frick, P., Hill, N., Tyler, L., & Frazer, D. (1997). Psychopathy and conduct problems in children: II. Implications for subtyping children with conduct problems. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 233-241.

Corrado, R.R., Vincent, G.M., Hart, S.D., Cohen, I.M. (2004). Predictive validity of the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version for general and violent recidivism. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22, 5-22.

Farrington, D.P. Loeber, R.V., & Van Kammen, W.B. (1990). Long-term criminal outcomes of hyperactivity-impulsivity-attention deficit and conduct problems in childhood. In L. N. Robins, M. Rutter, (Eds). Straight and devious pathways from childhood to adulthood (pp. 62-81). New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press.

Forehand, R., Wierson, M., Frame, C., Kempton, T., & Armistead, L. (1991). Juvenile delinquency entry and persistence: Do attention problems contribute to conduct problems? Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 22, 261-264.

Forth, A.E., Hart, S.D., & Hare, R.D. (1990). Assessment of psychopathy in male young offenders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 2, 342-344.

Forth, A.E. (1995). Psychopathy and young offenders: Prevalence, family background, and violence. Program Branch Users Report. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: Minister of the Solicitor General of Canada.

Forth, A.E., Kosson, D.S., & Hare, R.D. (2003). The Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version. North Tonawanda, New York: Multi-Health Systems.

Forth, A.E., & Burke, H.C. (1998). Psychopathy in adolescence: Assessment, violence, and developmental precursors. In D.J. Cooke et al. (eds.), Psychopathy: Theory, research and Implications for Society (pp. 205-229). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Press.

Frick, P.J. (1998). Callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems: Applying the two-factor model of psychopathy to children. In D.J. Cooke et al (Eds.) Psychopathy: Theory, research, and implications for society (pp. 161-187). Kluwer: Netherlands.

Frick, P.J., Bodin, S.D., & Barry, C.T., (2000). Psychopathic traits and conduct problems in community and clinic-referred samples of children: Further development of the Psychopathy Screening Device. Psychological Assessment, 12, 382-393.

Frick, P.J., & Hare, R.D. (in press). The Psychopathy Screening Device. Toronto: Multi-Health Systems.

Frick, P.J., O'Brien, B.S., Wootton, J.M., & McBurnett, K. (1994). Psychopathy and conduct problems in children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 700-707.

Gacano, C.B. (2000). The Clinical and Forensic Assessment of Psychopathy: A Practitioner's Guide. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Johnstone, L., Cooke, D.J. (2004). Psychopathic-like traits in childhood: Conceptual and measurement concerns. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22, 103-125.

Kaplan, S., & Cornell, D. (2004). Psychopathy and ADHD in adolescent male offenders. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice.

Kosson, D.S., Cyterski, T.D., Steuerwald, B.L., Neumann, C.S., & Walker-Matthews, S. (2002). The reliability and validity of the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL: YV) in nonincarcerated adolescent males. Psychological Assessment, 14, 97-109.

Lexcen, F.J., Vincent, G.M., Grisso, T. (2004). Validity and structure of a self-report measure of youth psychopathy. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22, 69-84.

Lynam, D.R. (1996). Early identification of the chronic offenders: Who is the fledgling psychopath? Psychological Bulletin, 20, 209-234.

Lynam, D.R. (1997). Pursuing the psychopath: Capturing the fledgling psychopath in a nomological net Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 425-438.

Lynam, D.R. (1998). Early identification of the fledgling psychopath: Locating the psychopathic child in current nomenclature. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 566-575.

McBride, M.E., & Hare, R.D. (1996). Precursors of psychopathy and recidivism. Unpublished manuscript, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C.

McBride, M.E., (1998). Individual and familial risk factors for adolescent psychopathy. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia.

Murrie, D.C. & Cornell, D.G. (2000). The Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory and Psychopathy. Journal of Personality Assessment, 75, 110-125.

Murrie, D. & Cornell, D. G. (2002). Psychopathy screening of incarcerated juveniles: A comparison of measures. Psychological Assessment, 14, 390-396.

Murrie, D.C., Cornell, D. G., Kaplan, S., McConville, D., & Levy-Ellkon, A. (2004). Psychopathy scores and violence among juvenile offenders: A multi-measure study. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22, 49-67.

Myers, W.C., Burket, R.C. & Harris, E.H. (1995). Adolescent psychopathy in relation to delinquent behaviors, conduct disorder and personality disorders. Journal of Forensic Sciences 40, 435-439.

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Spain, S.E., Douglas, K.S., Poythress, N.G., Epstein, M. (2004). The relationship between psychopathic features, violence and treatment outcome: The comparison of three youth measures of psychopathic features. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 22, 85-102.

Stafford, E. (1997). Psychopathy as a predictor of adolescents at risk for inpatient violence. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Virginia.

Stafford, E. & Cornell, D. (2003). Psychopathy predicts adolescent inpatient aggression. Assessment, 10, 102-112.

Trevothan, S.D., & Walker, L.J. (1989). Hypothetical versus real life moral reasoning among psychopathic and delinquent youth. Development and Psychopathology, 1, 91-103.

Walker, J.L., Lahey, B.B., Hynd, G.W., & Frame, C.L. (1987). Comparison of specific patterns of antisocial behavior in children with conduct disorder with or without coexisting hyperactivity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 910-913.

School Violence

Blauvelt, P. D. (1981). Effective strategies for school security. Reston, VA: National Association of Secondary School Principals.

Boulton, M.J. & Underwood, K. (1992). Bully/victim problems among middle-school children. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 62, 73-87.

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Cornell, D., & Loper, A. (1996). High-risk behavior in Virginia schools: A survey of middle and high school students. Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.

Curcio, J. L., & First, P. F. (1993). Violence in the schools: How to proactively prevent and diffuse it . Newbury Park, CA: Corwin Press.

Furlong, M., Morrison, G., Cornell, D., & Skiba, R. (in press). Methodological and measurement issues in school violence: Moving beyond the social problem era. Journal of School Violence.

Goldstein, A. P., Apter, S. J., & Harootunian, B. (1984). School violence. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Goldstein, Arnold P. (1994). Student aggression: Prevention, management, and replacement training. New York: Guilford Press.

Greenbaum, S., Gonzalez, B., Ackley, N. (1989). Educated public relations: School safety 101. Malibu, CA: National School Safety Center and Pepperdine University Press.

Greenbaum, S., Turner, B., & Stephens, R. D. (1989). Set straight on bullies . Malibu, CA: National School Safety Center and Pepperdine University Press.

Furlong, M.J., Chung, A., Bates, M., & Morrison, R. L. (1995). Who are the victims of school violence? A comparison of student non-victims and multi-victims. Education and Treatment of Children, 18, 282-298.

Garrity, C., Jens,K., Parter, W., Sager, N., & Short-Camilli, C. (1994) . Bully-Proofing your school: A comprehensive approach for elementary schools. Longmont, Co: Sopris Press.

Hoover, J., Oliver, R., & Hazler, R.J. (192) Bullying: Perceptions of adolescent victims in the Midwestern U.S.A . School Psychology International, 13, 5-16.

Kann, L., Warren, C. W., Harris, W. A., Collins, J. L., Douglas, K. A., Collins, M. E., Williams, B. I., Ross, J. G., Kolbe, L. J. (1995). Youth risk behavior surveillance- -United States, 1993. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, March 24, 1995, 44, No. SS-1, 1-66.

Kochenderfer, B.J., & Ladd, G.W. (1996). Peer victimization: Cause or consequence of school maladjustment? Child Development, 67, 1305-1317.

McConville, D., & Cornell, D. (2003). Attitudes toward aggression and aggressive behavior among middle school students. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 11, 179-187.

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National School Safety Center. (1993, March). School crime and violence statistical review. Unpublished paper. Malibu, CA: Author.

National School Safety Center. (1988). School crisis prevention and response. Malibu, CA: National School Safety Center and Pepperdine University Press.

Neary, A., & Joseph, S. (1994). Peer victimization and its relationship to self-concept and depression among schoolchildren. Personality and Individual Differences, 16, 183-196.

Olweus, D. (1997). Bully/victim problems in school: Knowledge base and an effective intervention program. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 18, 170-190.

Quarles, C. L., (1989). School violence: A survival guide for school staff with emphasis on robbery, rape, and hostage taking. Washington, DC: NEA.

Simpson, R. L., Miles, B. S., Walker, B. L., Ormsbee, C. K., Downing, J. A. (1991). Programming for aggressive and violent students. Reston, VA: Council for Exceptional Children.

Vestermark, Jr., S. D., & Blauvelt, P. D. (1978). Controlling crime in the school: A complete security handbook for administrators. West Nyack, NY: Parker Publishing.

Violence by Girls

Bjorkqvist, K. & Niemela, P. (1992). Of mice and women: Aspects of female aggression. New York: Academic Press.

Chesney-Lind, M. (1987). Girls and violence: An exploration of the gender gap in serious delinquent behavior. In D. H. Crowell, I. M. Evans, & C. R. O'Donnell (Eds.) Childhood aggression and violence: Sources of influence, prevention and control (207-229). New York: Plenum.

American Correctional Association and the United States Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. (1994). National Juvenile Female Offenders Conference: A time for change. American Correctional Association, 8025 Laurel Lakes Court, Laurel Maryland 20707.

Campbell, A. (1993). Men, women, and aggression. New York: Basic Books.

Loper, A., & Cornell, D. G. (1996). Homicide by adolescent girls. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 5, 323-336.

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Sorenson, S. B. & Bowie, P. (1994). Girls and young women. In L. D. Eron, J. G. Gentry, & P. Schlegel (Eds.) Reason to hope: A psychosocial perspective on violence and youth (167-176). Washington, D. C.: American Psychological Association.

Yamagata, M. S. & Butts, J. A. (1996). Female offenders in the juvenile justice system. Washington, D. C.: United States Department of Justice Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

Violent Crime

Athens, L. (1997). Violent criminal acts and actors revisited. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.

Federal Bureau of Investigation. (1984-1996). Uniform Crime Reports: Crime in the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Printing Office.

Reiss, Jr., A. J., & Roth, J. A. (Eds.) (1993). Understanding and preventing violence. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Virginia Reports

Cornell, D., & Loper, A. (1996). High-risk behavior in Virginia schools: A survey of middle and high school students. Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.

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Virginia Department of Education. (1992). 1992 Virginia Youth Risk Behavior Survey Report. Richmond, VA: Author.

Virginia Department of Education. (1995). Report on acts of violence and substance abuse: 1993-94 school year Richmond, VA: Author.

Youth Gangs

Amato, J., & Cornell, D. (2003). How do youth claiming gang membership differ from youth who claim membership in a crew? Journal of Gang Research, 10, 13-23.

Asbury, H. (1928). The gangs of New York: an informal history of the underworld. New York: Knopf.

Bureau of Justice Assistance. (1997). Urban street gang enforcement. Washington, D.C.: Author.

Chesney-Lind, M., Sheldon, R. G., & Joe, K. A. (1996). Girls, delinquency, and gang membership. In C. R. Huff (Ed.). Gangs in America (2nd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Chin, K. L. (1996). Gang violence in Chinatown. In C. R. Huff (Ed.). Gangs in America (2nd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Covey, H. C., Menard, S., & Franzese, R. J. (1997). Juvenile gangs (2nd Ed.). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.

Du, P. L. (1996). The dream shattered. Vietnamese gangs in America. Boston: Northeastern University Press.

English, T. J. (1995). Born to kill: America's most notorious Vietnamese gang, and the changing face of organized crime. New York: William Morrow.

Goldstein, A. P. (1991). Delinquent gangs: A psychological perspective. Champaign, Ill: Research Press.

Huff, C. R. (Ed.) (1996). Gangs in America (2nd edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Jankowski, M. S. (1991). Islands in the street: Gangs and American urban society. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Joe, D. A., & Chesney-Lind, M. (1995). "Just every mother's angel:" An analysis of gender and ethnic variations in youth gang membership. Gender and Society, 9(4), 408-431.

Klein, Malcolm W. (1995). The American street gang: Its nature, prevalence, and control. NY: Oxford University Press.

Korem, D. (1994). Suburban gangs: The affluent rebels. Richardson, Texas: International Focus Press.

Moore, J. W. (1985). Isolation and stigmatization in the development of an underclass: The case of Chicano gangs in East Los Angeles. Social Problems, 33(1), 1-12.

Ross, L. E. (1994). The impact of race-esteem and self-esteem on delinquency. Sociological Focus, 27(2), 111-129.

Sampson, R. J., & Lauritsen, J. L. (1997). Racial and ethnic disparities in crime and criminal justice in the United States. In M. Tonry (Ed.), Ethnicity, crime, and immigration: Comparative and cross-national perspectives. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Sheldon, R. G., Tracy, S. K., & Brown, W. B. (1997). Youth gangs in American society. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Spergel, I. A. (1995). The youth gang problem: A community approach. NY: Oxford Univ. Press.

The Study of Youth Gangs in Virginia (1997). Report of the Virginia State Crime Commission and Virginia Commission on Youth. House Document 30. Richmond, Virginia: Commonwealth of Virginia.

Thrasher, F. M. (1929). The gang: A study of 1,313 gangs in Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Vigil, J. D. (1983). Chicano gangs: One response to Mexican urban adaptation in the Los Angeles area. Urban Anthropology, 12(1), 45-75.

Vigil, J. D. (1988). Group processes and street identity: Adolescent Chicano group identity. Ethos, 16(4), 421-445.

Wang, A. Y. (1994). Pride and prejudice in high school gang members. Adolescence, 29, 279-291.

Yablonsky, L. (1997). Gangsters: Fifty years of madness, drugs, and death on the streets of America. New York: New York University Press.

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